Commons
My personal preference here is the Direct Home Wiring or Two Wire System
both rails isolated. Connect this common to a earth ground. This allows
a common that is always at 0 volts and all other voltages at some + value
above it. With no possible way for voltages to add or double. And use auto-reversing
booster as you like or need.
It has been generally agreed upon in the DCC community, that common
return should not be used with auto-reversing booster. The reasoning is
that the normal practice for common rail at reverse sections is to place
the common before the reversing mechanism, such as a switch, aux. contacts,
modules, ect. To do other wise can result in the adding of the two
sources together. This is what happens when the common is connected the
booster output, and the booster is reversed phase. The resulting doubling
of the voltage can result in a damaged decoder. But there is more to it
then this. It has always been there, it is nothing new with command control
DCC or otherwise.
For drawings,
explanations and other links as to how they all work look here. Commons
& Reversing
Booster Phasing
If you have a problem with your Digitrax system with multiple boosters,
that you get a short when a loco crosses over the gaps between booster
districts. Or are adding your second booster to a Chief system, you might
want to check this out.
After you get it all wired up and ready to go.. Before you run any
locos. Take throttle and select address 0, DC pulse stretched.. With
no non decoder equipped locos on the layout turn the throttle way up..
Normally the track status light on the DCS100 and DB100s are yellow,
AC signal on the track.. But when there is stretched pulses on the track,
they will go either green or red pending polarity. The point here is to
look at all your boosters and make sure they are all the same red or green
on the track status light. If they are, then you have the phasing of the
LocoNet cables going from booster to booster correct. If not just change
the cable or replace the end with the proper connection..
Power Supplies
Just got your DCC system all hooked up. You have started running with
your first loco and everything is fine. Now you add your second loco and
seems like the locos all slowed down. Chances are you do not have a large
enough power supply. The aux. or AC outputs of a DC power pack are not
large enough to run you DCC system. Check with your manual or manufacturer
of your system, find the min. power required for your system. This will
be something like 18vac at 3-6 amps.
PR-1 Power Supply
If you have a PR-1 from Digitrax and are having problems reading decoder
CVs, but it seems to write just fine. You more then likely do not have
a proper power supply for it. First the supply must be well filtered, this
means no AC ripple. Next the PR-1 will write over a wide range of voltages,
but requires at least 15-18 vdc to read properly. More on the order of
16vdc to 18vdc to assure good readability. If the AC ripple is to high,
you can add a 1000uf 35v Electrolytic Capacitor across the output of the
power supply, be sure to observe polarity here.
For my PR-1 I use a Radio Shack adapter model #273-1652D 500mA at 12vdc.
Yes it is a 12vdc supply, but as with most unregulated supplies, it puts
out 17vdc no load.
Another useful supply is two 9 volt batteries wired in series. This
will supply the required 18 Vdc, as pure as it comes, no filter required.
And the PR1 draws very little current. These batteries will last a long
time. And offers one more advantage, when the PR1 is used with a portable
computer, this makes the PR1 totally portable.
A couple of hints from Dr Hans Tanner, the author of the PR-1 software:
Hint: If you use a RS232 interface with FIFO option make sure to switch
off this option.
Hint: Standard baud rate for the PR-1 is 16,457 baud. Some older decoders
as well as decoders from a few manufacturers program better if you use
19,200 baud. Please select the appropriate option in the port menu.
Still having problems getting the results desired from the PR1, check out the
PR1 Help Page.
12-16 volts lamps use a 22-40 ohm resistor in series with the lamp.
3 volt 50 mA. lamps use a 330 ohm resistor in series with the lamp.
1.5 volt 50 mA. lamps use a 250 ohm resistor in series with the
lamp.
1.5 volt 25 mA. lamps use a 560 ohm resistor in series with the
lamp.
LED's use a 680 ohm resistor in series with the LED.
All values are approx. and may need adjusted for your decoders and track voltage, but will make a good starting point. All resistors a 1/2 watt. Keep in mind higher Ohms values = dimmer lamps, and lower Ohms values = brighter lamps.
Understanding Ohm's Law for larger scales and how to properly figure out the resistor value needed for a given lamp size.
Lighting Projects for some simple schematics on how to install and wire lighting. As well as using voltage regulation for 1.5 volt lamps.
Static Build Up
Does it seem like you are loosing locos on your Digitrax system when
you unplug a throttle and move to the next location and plug in.
This could be caused by static built up on the system. Did you catch the
part in the Digitrax manual about grounding the ground connections to an
earth ground. It not only good common safety, but also goes a long way
to keep static from building up on the system.
Decoder Installs with NMRA
plugs
If your loco has the NMRA plug, this makes a decoder install easy.
All you need to do is find room for the decoder and plug in the decoder.
Before you do, I would recommend you check out the socket on the loco first.
You need to make sure there are no shorts from any pin to any other pin.
If there is it needs to be corrected. This might be caused by a solder
bridge on the underside of the PC board, a shorted diode, a stray wire
connected to the PC board, ect. Use a Ohm meter and check all pins
against the others. You are looking for dead shorts. You might find resistance
due to diodes, resistors, lamps, etc. But any dead shorts need to be corrected.
Any dead short can result in the loss of
a function in the decoder, or worse the loss of the decoder.
Testing Decoder Installs
You have just finished installing a decoder in that new loco and are
really ready to see it run.. STOP! The
first place that loco should go is a current limited programming track,
such as the service mode track, PR1, ect. I know you were really careful
and followed the directions, double checked everything. But we are all
human and make mistakes. The protection offered by the programming track,
might just catch it for you and give you a chance to correct it. If there
does happen to be a mistake or short, the power from the operations rails
will more then likely not let you have a chance to correct it..
Who is Buzzing
Ah your DCC system supports analog DC locos. But the first thing you
notice is when that loco is on the rails and just sitting there it buzzes.
This is normal and is due to the nature of the DCC power on the rails..
With DCC the signal is the power, neat. The power on the rails is a bi-polar
AC square wave form. This means it's polarity is changing back and forth
at the DCC frequency. We all know what happens when we reverse the polarity
of our DC power packs, the loco goes the other way. Now think what will
happen if we could switch the direction switch back and forth on a DC power
pack something like 10 thousand times a second. I know you can't do it,
and even if you could the switch would not take it very long. But if you
could, the loco would start to buzz, because it is trying to change direction
at that same frequency. This will also cause the motor to heat up some.
Is this hard on the motor, while there does seem to be a little debate
on this. But as a rule of thumb, as long as the amplitude of the DCC signal
does not exceed the stall rating of the motor, you should be ok. But it
is still a good idea not to leave a DC loco sitting around idling on the
rails. Once the loco starts to move the buzzing will stop.
Most open frame and can motors should be ok.
But Never use a DC coreless motor without
a decoder on a DCC system!
Fuses
This is a very important safety issue. If you decide to build
your own power supply for you DCC system. Make sure you follow any directions
that the manufacturer of your system provides. Also make sure you fuse
both the secondary [low voltage] and primary [high voltage] sides of the
transformer/s. This is very important here. If you just fuse the secondary,
this will protect the transformer from over heating from any excessive
load on it from the system. If you just fuse the primary, this will protect
from a fire caused by a shorted transformer. But as you can see, I hope,
you need both sides fused to be protected.
Now comes the problem, what size fuses to use. Well the secondary side
is easy, you know what the max. output of your booster is and the max.
rating of the transformer, find the lower of the two, so the fuse should
come close to matching that. Again check your manuals or check with the
system manufacturer. But how do you know or find the primary fuse side.
Well actually it is really not hard at all. At least if you know a little
about Ohms Law and even if you do not the formula is very easy to figure.
The first thing you need to know is the power of the secondary side,
this is called Watts. To find the Watts, just multiply the volts times
the amps. ex: With a 18vac secondary at 6 amps, and a 5 amp booster,
the booster would be the lower, this would be 90 watts. So now all
we have to do is reverse the math using the primary side voltage. ex: 120
vac divided in to 90 watts would equal 0.75 amps a 1 amp slow blow fuse
would be a good choice here. And a 5 amp fuse for the secondary.
Again, this is a safety issue so if you
do not understand this, then find someone who does, or by a commercial
DCC power supply.
Coreless Motor
Another debatable issue are coreless motors safe on a DCC system. Never
on DCC without a decoder! But once a decoder is installed the debate
starts. I personally have two locos with coreless motors in them. They
have not only survived the old DC days, the analog CC days, they are still
running fine on the DCC system. One thing to keep in mind is not all motors
coreless or otherwise are created equal, they all have ratings. The best
choice here is again talk it over with the system manufacturer about it.
If you still are not sure, here is a hint from years ago.
Put a 3 to 6 volt ballast lamp inline with the motor and the decoder.
The lamp will limit the amount of current that can be sent to the motor
and also act as a shock absorber for the pulses. Finding the proper lamp
will be a matter of trial and error to get the proper characteristics required.